21. Prompt Engineering Mastery

The skill that makes or breaks AI productivity: writing prompts that get results.

(Spoiler: "Make it work" is not prompt engineering. Neither is "fix this bug". Be specific or watch AI hallucinate wildly creative nonsense. 🎭)

Core Techniques

1. Zero-Shot

Direct instruction without examples.

"Write a Python function to sort a list"

2. Few-Shot

Provide examples to guide output format.

Input: "hello world"
Output: "HELLO WORLD"

Input: "foo bar"
Output: "FOO BAR"

Input: "test string"
Output:

3. Chain-of-Thought

Ask AI to explain reasoning step-by-step.

"Think step-by-step: How would you optimize this query?"

4. Role Prompting

Define AI's expertise/perspective.

"Act as a senior backend architect. Review this API design..."

Advanced Patterns

  • Constrained Output: "Output only valid JSON, no markdown"
  • Iterative Refinement: Build complexity gradually
  • Meta Prompting: Ask AI to write better prompts
  • Negative Prompting: "Do NOT use deprecated APIs"

Common Mistakes

  • ❌ Too vague: "make it better"
  • ❌ No context: paste code without explaining what you want
  • ❌ No constraints: letting AI decide critical details
  • ✅ Specific: "Refactor to use async/await, preserve error handling"